Abstract: The construction of national reserve forest is an important strategic measure to improve forest quality and management level, ensure the stable supply of wood in China, and promote the sustainable development of economy and society. As one of the first provinces to implement national reserve forest construction, Jiangxi province has achieved positive results. This study systematically collected and summarized the data and information on the progress of the task and the change of timber production capacity since the start of the national reserve forest construction in Jiangxi province, analyzed and evaluated the timber reserve effect, ecological benefit, economic benefit and social benefit of the national reserve forest construction, sorted out the problems existing in the construction of national reserve forest, and put forward development countermeasures and suggestions. In order to provide a scientific basis for a scientific, objective and comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of national reserve forest construction, it has important theoretical and practical significance for further standardizing and strengthening the construction of national reserve forest policy and system, and accelerating the high-quality development of national reserve forest.