Abstract: Ethnic ecological culture, as a knowledge, belief, customs, and institutional system formed by various ethnic groups through long-term interaction with nature, is a local treasure trove of wisdom for biodiversity conservation and a cultural resource that can be utilized when promoting community co-management in nature reserves. Since 1996, Maolan Nature Reserve has continuously explored the community co-management path of “promoting biodiversity through cultural diversity” and achieved good results. However, there are also difficulties in the management practice of “instrumental integration” of ethnic ecological culture, the rigidity of formal systems and the silence of ethnic ecological culture, and the crisis of inheritance of ethnic ecological culture. This article proposes to build a dual track governance system of “traditional knowledge+modern science” in governance integration, construct a “nature culture” composite protected area in spatial integration, and achieve economic transformation and feedback of ethnic ecological and cultural values in livelihood integration, in order to enhance the effectiveness of community co-management.