Abstract: This study takes the Jianfengling section of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park as the research object. It systematically analyzes the spatial distribution,Behavioral patterns, and driving mechanisms of deforestation and forestland encroachment. A multidimensional prevention and control system is constructed, which includes monitoring and early warning, collaborative law enforcement, community co-management, and diversified development. The study finds that during the period from 2022 to 2024, the incidence of deforestation cases in the Shanrong, Zhongsha, and Dakai conservation stations ranks the top three, accounting for 84.07%. The responsibility areas of Jiangbian, Tuolie, and Heimei under their jurisdiction are high-incidence areas. The four typical illegal patterns such as boundary-crossing logging and ownership disputes show significant regional differentiation characteristics. Based on the economic-driven theory and the social-ecological system framework, it is revealed that the core causes are composed of economic interest claims, low cost of illegal activities, and lack of community participation. According to this, prevention and control strategies are proposed, such as dynamically allocating conservation resources according to the threat level, building a cross-departmental coordinated law enforcement network, and innovating community ecological compensation mechanisms. These strategies provide theoretical basis and practical references for the coordinated governance of national park ecological protection and community sustainable development.