Abstract: By analyzing and summarizing the current monitoring status and existing problems in Gansu Anxi Extreme-arid Desert National Nature Reserve, and focusing on the natural resource endowment, characteristics of the ecosystem, and the construction of a smart nature reserve of the reserve, this paper plans and designs the construction of the monitoring network system from three aspects: the functional positioning of monitoring, the monitoring indicator system, and the "space-air-ground" integrated monitoring network. The aim is to provide some reference for better carrying out the monitoring work in the reserve in the future, achieving the scientificity, operability, and comparability of monitoring, and enabling monitoring to better play the functional roles of "support, guidance, and service" in the development of nature reserve.