Abstract: Dongchuan section of the Xiaojiang river basin is a Class I tributary of Jinsha river and is one of the basins with the most severe ecological environment in the upper reaches of the Yangtze river. The regional ecological issues are manifested as follows: low forest coverage (40.55%) and weak ecological service functions, with a predominance of artificial forests; 54.4% of the area subject to rocky desertification, with erosion covering 68.1% of the land area; frequent geological disasters such as mudslides with a high-incidence area globally and extremely severe soil erosion; degraded wetland functions, leading to high protection pressure; and low efficiency in the conversion of ecological benefits into economic benefits. Based on the analysis of the above issues, systematic governance strategies are proposed from the perspectives of vegetation restoration, rocky desertification control, degraded wetland restoration, geological disaster prevention and control, and the development of forestry and grassland industries, in order to improve the regional ecological environment, ensure ecological security in the upper reaches of the Yangtze river, and promote green transformation and development of resource-exhausted cities.