Abstract: Yunnan grus nigricollus provincial nature reserve is the southernmost wintering ground of the eastern population of grus nigricollus known so far.The reserve has the only plateau crane among the 15 species of cranes in the world, the grus nigricollus, a national first-class protected animal in China.At the same time, the special ecosystem of subalpine swamp wetland is preserved, with rich biodiversity and high value of ecological service function.On the basis of expounding the present situation of biodiversity in the reserve, this paper makes a systematic, comprehensive and scientific analysis and evaluation of the protection value of the reserve from the aspects of typicality, diversity, rarity, vulnerability, naturalness, location importance, scientific value and potential protection value. The conclusion is that the rareness, typicality and diversity of the reserve are prominent, the location advantages are significant, the potential protection value is huge, and it plays an important role in maintaining regional ecological security..