Abstract: It is a very important basic work to investigate and analyze biodiversity in protected areas and find out the quantity and distribution of biodiversity in protected areas. By means of questionnaire survey and literature research, combined with field investigation records in recent years, statistics and analysis were made on wild plants under national and provincial key protection in the main nature protected areas of Guangdong province, and the species, quantity and distribution pattern of wild plants under national and provincial key protection in the main nature protected areas of Guangdong province were sorted out in order to provide data support for the protection of biodiversity in the province's natural protected areas. The results showed that there were 9 species of wild plants in Guangdong province, which accounted for 90% of the total number of wild plants in Guangdong province. There are 140 species of wild plants under national secondary protection, accounting for 90.9% of the total number of secondary wild plants in the province. There are 39 species of provincial key protected wild plants, accounting for 100% of the provincial key protected wild plants in the province. From the perspective of regional distribution, the number of species of key protected wild plants in northern Guangdong is the highest, while that in eastern Guangdong is the lowest, but the species distribution density in northern Guangdong, Pearl River Delta and western Guangdong is basically at the same level, while the species distribution density in eastern Guangdong is relatively low. From the distribution of cities and regions, Shaoguan city has the largest number of species of protected wild plants, while Shanwei city and Dongguan city have the least. But from the distribution density of species, Shenzhen city has the highest distribution density of protected wild plants, followed by Shaoguan city, Shanwei city and Dongguan city have the lowest distribution density.According to the distribution of rare and endangered plants in China, all the 7 species of rare and endangered plants in Guangdong province are distributed in the natural protected areas.