Abstract: From March to October 2024, an insect survey was conducted in the Mangao Sub-Reserve of the Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve using the line-transect and plot-based sampling methods. The survey was carried out with the explicit objective of avoiding any damage to wild resources and no physical specimens were collected. Instead, digital photographs were taken in the field and used for species identification. A total of 1,214 valid insect photographs were collected and identified, representing 305 species across 223 genera, 89 families, and 11 orders. Lepidoptera was the most species-rich order, with 175 species(57.38% of the total); Coleoptera ranked second, with 56 species(18.36%); Hemiptera followed with 25 species(8.20%); and the remaining eight orders collectively accounted for 49 species(16.07%). Among the recorded species, five are listed as Class II nationally protected wildlife in China: Cheirotonus gestroi, Troides helena, Troides aeacus, Bhutanitis thaidina, and Teinopalpus imperialis. Diversity analyses of insect communities across five distinct vegetation types revealed that indices of insect diversity were highest in evergreen broadleaved forest, and mixed conifer-broad-leaved forest, deciduous broadleaf forest; intermediate in warm temperate coniferous forest; and lowest in artificial tea plantations. The species richness index followed the same ranking: evergreen broad-leaved forest > mixed conifer-broad-leaved forest > deciduous broadleaf forest > warm temperate coniferous forest > artificial tea plantation. In terms of community overlap, evergreen broad-leaved forest and mixed conifer-broad-leaved forest showed high overlap, whereas artificial tea plantation exhibited lower overlap with all other forest types.