Abstract: Rocky desertification refers to the land degradation process in which vegetation is degraded and disappears due to anthropogenic or natural factors, and eventually the bedrock is exposed on the ground surface in large areas. The problem of rocky desertification is serious in Wenshan prefecture, Yunnan province, and there is still a lack of exploration of management methods from the perspective of landscape ecology. In this study, based on the 50-meter resolution remote sensing images of Gaofen-4 satellite, we used ENVI software to supervise the classification method to study the situation of vegetation cover and surface exposure in Wenshan prefecture, and interpreted the results of the classification with the landscape ecological analysis of the whole prefecture and the counties subordinate to Wenshan prefecture, and finally came up with the following results. The surface exposed areas in Wenshan prefecture were concentrated in the central and western parts, the sparsely vegetated areas in the central part, and the good vegetation cover in the border counties. The landscape ecology analysis pointed out that the vegetation landscape of Wenshan prefecture was superior and better connected, with a low degree of habitat fragmentation, but there was a certain degree of human interference; the counties in order of the degree of landscape fragmentation from high to low were Maguan county, Funing county, Malipo county, Xichou county, Guangnan county, Qubei county, Yanshan county, and Wenshan city. Finally, this paper put forward three comprehensive management opinions for the current situation of rocky desertification in Wenshan prefecture, combined with the actual research.