Abstract: Forest carbon reservoirs,as vital carbon storage sites in terrestrial ecosystems,not only play an important role as carbon storage function and carbon sinks function,but also play a pivotal role in maintaining the balance of atmospheric carbon dioxide.After reviewing a large number of relevant literature,this study found that there was currently a lack of comprehensive and integrated research on the estimation models of forest ecosystem carbon stocks and the factors affecting carbon stocks in each sub-carbon reservoir.Based on this,this study first systematically summarized the basic connotations of five carbon reservoirs in forest ecosystems,including aboveground biomass carbon reservoirs,underground biomass carbon reservoirs,soil organic carbon reservoirs,litter carbon reservoirs,and dead wood carbon reservoirs,as well as the advantages and disadvantages of 25 related estimation models.Furthermore,this study dynamically analyzed the relevant research on each sub-carbon reservoir.In addition,this study comprehensively analyzed the key factors affecting the carbon stocks of the five carbon reservoirs in forest ecosystems.This study can not only provide theoretical support for selecting appropriate estimation models for forest carbon stocks,but also provide scientific reference for understanding the changing patterns of forest ecological carbon stocks,formulating relevant policies,and planning ecological restoration programs.