Abstract: Rocony desertification in karst areas is a global ecological management problem, which seriously restricts regional sustainable development. As a typical area of rocky desertification in southwest China, Wenshan prefecture has explored and formed a governance model with vegetation restoration as the core through the implementation of the demonstration project of forest and grass science and technology promotion by the central finance. Based on the data of the rocky desertification control model in Wenshan prefecture from 2021 to 2023, this paper systematically summarizes the governance measures, effectiveness evaluation and existing problems. Through the construction of 600 mu demonstration forest, the project selected 7 suitable tree species such as cypress, wet pine and fragrant wood, and formed vegetation restoration modes such as replanting and tending, soil and water conservation. The survival rate of the demonstration forest reached 95.1%, the preservation rate was 87.1%, and the soil organic matter content increased by 244.2%, effectively improving the ecological function of the rocky desertification area. The research reveals that the tree species allocation, technology integration innovation and multiparty cooperation mechanism according to local conditions are the key to successful governance, but the problems such as insufficient management and protection funds and short monitoring period in the later stage still need to be paid attention to. This paper provides a scientific basis for ecological restoration in karst areas and provides reference experience for similar regional governance practices.