Abstract: Wild forest and grassland germplasm resources are the main plant resources in Weixi county, playing an irreplaceable role in species diversity and ecosystem diversity. They also serve as the original materials for the selection and breeding of native tree species and the material basis for the improvement of forest and grassland varieties. This paper takes the wild forest and grassland germplasm resources in Weixi county from 2023 to 2024 as the research object and conducts a comprehensive investigation and study by combining the line transect and plot methods. The results show that the wild forest and grassland germplasm resources in Weixi county are rich, including 1 345 species belonging to 510 genera and 149 families, such as 632 herbaceous plants, 253 trees, 358 shrubs, 99 lianas, and 4 bamboo species. From the perspective of resource statistics, dicotyledonous plants in angiosperms have an absolute advantage in species composition, with complex family and genus composition and rich species diversity. Finally, this paper summarizes the characteristics of species composition and the current survival status of wild forest and grassland germplasm resources in Weixi county and puts forward suggestion for the protection, development and utilization of wild forest and grassland germplasm resources.