Abstract: Xinjiang is a typical arid and semi-arid region.Modern forestry construction is related to the improvement of social and economic development and human settlements in Xinjiang.Kekeya afforestation project is an important greening project based on the needs of the people in the Aksu area.It has a key influence on the regional ecological environment, social development and economic construction, and is a typical demonstration of modern forestry development in Xinjiang.By combing the basic characteristics of the four stages of Kekeya afforestation project since 1985, the historical development and evolution of capital investment subject, construction subject and management and protection subject, analyzing the realistic characteristics and internal laws of modern forestry development, and summarizing Kekeya afforestation project practice and innovation since the implementation, it has provided reference and theoretical basis for the modern forestry construction in Xinjiang in the new era.