Abstract: To systematically clarify the avian species composition, faunal characteristics, habitat distribution and conservation status of Fuyuan Shibalian Mountain Provincial Nature Reserve in Yunnan, an avian resources survey was carried out in the reserve from August 2022 to April 2023 by variable-width line transect method, variable-radius point count method and social information collection method.The results showed that a total of 120 bird species belonging to 11 orders, 43 families and 86 genera were recorded in the reserve, accounting for 12.70% of the total bird species in Yunnan and 7.97% of that in China. Passeriformes was the dominant group with 91 species, accounting for 75.83% of the total. In terms of residential types, residents were dominant (83 species, 69.17%), and breeding birds accounted for 80.83%. The avifauna was dominated by Oriental realm components (60.83%), belonging to the Southwestern Region of the Oriental Realm. Broad-leaved forests and coniferous forests had the highest species richness, accounting for 82.50% and 77.50% respectively. There were 14 species of national second-class key protected birds, 12 species listed in CITES Appendix II. The reserve has high avian diversity and prominent conservation value. It is suggested to strengthen habitat management, monitoring and patrol to improve the effectiveness of bird conservation.