Abstract: As an important lever for promoting the modernization of forestry construction, the national reserve forest project has initially established a modern management system with high standard construction, high-quality cultivation, and efficient output as the core, which plays an important demonstration and leading role in the high-quality development of forestry in the country. This article focuses on the practice of constructing national reserve forests in Yunnan province, systematically reviews the current situation of promoting construction tasks in Yunnan province, summarizes the phased achievements in improving ecological benefits, innovating industrial models, and exploring management mechanisms, and objectively analyzes the bottlenecks that restrict the improvement of project quality and efficiency. Research suggests that the construction of Yunnan’s national reserve forests should be based on resource endowment, with the goal of creating an important national reserve forest base. A scientifically laid out, structurally reasonable, and well guaranteed Yunnan national reserve forest base should be constructed to showcase Yunnan’s unique reserve characteristics. On this basis, the study further proposed basic construction ideas. In response to existing problems, the research proposes development strategies and suggestions from three dimensions: policy guarantee, mechanism innovation, and element support: strengthening top-level design, improving management system, deepening collective forest tenure system reform, and improving cross departmental collaborative promotion mechanism; innovate project operation mode and establish a mechanism for government enterprise agricultural interest community; expand investment and financing channels; promote the integration of the “reserve forest+” industry and cultivate new forms of agroforestry; strengthen the dual wheel drive of technological talents and enhance the level of digital management. By implementing systematic reform measures, we aim to promote the organic unity of ecological value, economic value, and social value in the construction of Yunnan’s national reserve forests, and provide replicable Yunnan solutions for the green transformation of forestry resource-based areas nationwide.