Abstract: Yunlong Tianchi National Nature Reserve is mainly to protect the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti),represented by rare and endangered wild animal and plant resources and their habitats,wetland ecosystems and virgin forest ecosystem represented by warm and cold temperate coniferous forest.The general situation of the vegetation type,plant and fauna diversity,is elaborated and the characteristics of the biodiversity are evaluated from three aspects of species uniqueness,rarity and vulnerability.Some management and conservation measures were proposed to protect the abundant animal and plant resources in Yunlong Tianchi National Nature Reserve.