Abstract: The problem of rocky desertification in southwest China is increasingly serious, which poses a great threat to the ecological environment and human survival.This paper systematically analyzes the causes of rocky desertification, including geology, climate, soil and human factors, and discusses its distribution in the region. Through the evaluation of the existing governance technology, effective ecological restoration and sustainable development strategies are put forward to deal with the challenges brought by rocky desertification, aiming to provide scientific basis for regional ecological governance and promote the improvement of ecological environment and the improvement of human life quality.