Abstract: This study aims to explore the relationship between changes in vegetation coverage in Gansu province and their driving factors. A combination of methods was employed, including the pixel binary model, trend analysis, the Hurst index, and geographic detector, to analyze vegetation coverage across the entire province and in representative cities. The goal was to reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation coverage and the factors influencing it. The study results are as follows. (1) Vegetation coverage in Gansu Province shows a significant overall increasing trend, with approximately 65.55% of the area exhibiting improvement. The most pronounced increase was observed in the central part of the province. (2)Vegetation coverage is expected to continue improving in the future, although regional differences in persistence exist: areas such as Qingyang and Tianshui show strong sustained growth, while ecologically fragile regions in the northwest and Gannan face fluctuations or risks of degradation. (3)Vegetation dynamics in Gansu province are driven by both natural and human factors, with precipitation identified as the dominant influencing factor. (4)The southern and northern parts of Gansu are primarily shaped by natural conditions, where the focus should be on protection and prevention; the central region, influenced by both natural and human factors, serves as a key area for targeted human intervention and vegetation improvement. The overall vegetation restoration in Gansu province results from the combined effects of improved natural conditions and human-led ecological protection measures.