Abstract: The development of under-forest economy is an important means to make full use of forest land space, enhance the economic value of forest land and promote farmers' income. Based on the cases analysis of under-forest economy in the United States, Germany, Japan and China, this paper summarized the similarities and differences in policy and industry standards,development mode, industrial scale, scientific and technological research, and talent training from them. Based on this, suggestion such as improving laws and industry standards, strengthening characteristic design, paying attention to scientific research and talent training, and establishing social service system, were put forward to provide reference for the development of under-forest economy.