Abstract: As one of the regions with the most typical karst landforms and the most severe rocky desertification in the world, YunnanGuizhou Plateau has long been confronted with problems such as land degradation, water resource shortage, ecological fragility, and reduction of biodiversity. The comprehensive governance of rocky desertification is the key path to resolving the contradiction between human and land and achieving sustainable development in this area. However, the current benefit indicators are insufficiently dynamic and the evaluation system is not yet perfect. This paper sorts out the typical governance models in the Yunnan-Guizhou plateau, analyzes the comprehensive benefit evaluation system of rocky desertification governance from the ecological, economic, and social dimensions, and proposes an optimization path for constructing a multi-dimensional benefit evaluation system in view of the shortcomings in the evaluation system. It is expected to provide theoretical support and practical reference for the "ecology-economysociety" coordinated governance in the karst areas of Southwest China.