Abstract: The estimation of wildlife populations and their change trends are the core issues of wildlife population ecology, endangered wildlife management and conservation biology. The giant panda is a unique rare relic animal in China and a flagship species of global nature conservation. Estimating the population size of panda population is a fundamental issue in animal ecology, attracting great attention from researchers, managers, and the public. The survey and monitoring of the giant panda population are the core tasks of its protection and also the basis for formulating effective protection and management measures. The survey of the giant panda population in China began in 1967 with a more detailed survey of the habitat environment and a preliminary survey of the population in Wanglang Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province. Since then, regional and national surveys have been carried out. Since the first national survey of giant panda resources in 1974, four national surveys of giant pandas have been carried out. With the deepening of research, survey methods are also improving. This paper briefly summarizes several commonly used survey methods and population analysis methods for wild giant pandas, including the interview survey method, the line transect methods, the infrared camera technology, the direct counting method, the mathematical model, the Distance-Bamboo Stem Fragments Method, and the molecular biology method. We also described the advantages, disadvantages, application and precautions when using the corresponding methods of each survey and analysis method and put forward some suggestion for the future giant panda survey, hoping to get more reliable data in the future giant panda survey, which will provide a scientific basis for the relevant conservation management departments to adjust the giant panda protection measures in a timely manner.