Abstract: To understand the types, distribution, occurrence area, and harm levels of alien invasive species in the forest, grassland, and wetland ecosystems of Dehong prefecture, reliable references for prevention and control decisions are provided. A systematic investigation and risk assessment of alien invasive species in the forest and grassland wetland ecosystems of Dehong prefecture were conducted. The unique geographical location and rich biodiversity of Dehong prefecture make it a high-risk area for the invasion of alien species. Through on-site surveys and analyses in the region, the main alien invasive species were identified, including 2 species categorized as high-risk (Level 1), 26 species as medium-risk (Level 2), and 12 species as low-risk (Level 3). Based on the assessment of the distribution, ecological impact, and dissemination potential of these invasive species, further management recommendations were proposed, including strengthening the regulation of introduction pathways, implementing multi-faceted control measures, and enhancing public awareness to effectively curb the harm caused by alien invasive species to the ecological environment of Dehong prefecture.