Abstract: In order to get a more clear picture of the wild plant resources under priority protection in Chuxiong prefecture, questionnaire survey, expert consultation and field survey quadrat method, line transects method and verification method) were adopt in this paper to investigate and analyze the wild plant resources under national key protection in Chuxiong prefecture. The results show that there are 16 species of wild plants under national key protection in Chuxiong prefecture, belonging to 13 families and 14 genera, 5 Endangered Species, 7 Vulnerable Species and 4 Rare Species. Among them, 4 species belong to the national first-class key protective species, and 12 species are the national second-class protective species, accounting for 25% and 75% of the total number of distributed species, respectively. The 16 species verified in this survey involved 113 distribution areas and 231 distribution points, with 108,496 wild plants (clusters) with a distribution area of 1 289.547 9 hectares. According to the distribution, population number and protection status of these species, 6 strategies for protecting wild plant resources are suggested, which will provide reference for the protection and sustainable development and utilization of wild plant resources in Chuxiong prefecture in the future.