Abstract: Under the background of territorial spatial planning, this study aims to explore synergistic optimization paths and zoning control strategies for the protection and utilization of forest and grassland resources. The objective is to resolve structural contradictions such as the “overlap between protection and utilization spaces” and the “mismatch between resource endowment and utilization efficiency.” Based on the forest and grassland census data, outcomes of “Dual Evaluation”, and the delineation results of “Three Zones and Three Lines”, this study employs overlay analysis and scenario analysis to conduct an in-depth analysis of the status quo in Pu'er city. The research proposes an optimization path focusing on “optimizing forest and grassland space, precisely delineating public welfare forests, and scientifically managing natural forests.” Furthermore, it constructs a zoning control system comprising “scientific conservation zones, systematic restoration zones, and rational utilization zones.” This study not only facilitates the transition from “fragmented management” to “whole-region and all-element systematic governance” but also provides a replicable “Pu'er Model” for the high-quality development of forest and grassland sectors in frontier ethnic regions, holding significant theoretical and practical implications.