Abstract: In order to further grasp the composition of ancient and valuable trees in Huize county, explore the spatial distribution characteristics and their influencing factors, and combine with the field survey, propose relevant protection strategies for ancient and valuable trees in Huize county, based on the survey data of Huize County Forestry and Grassland Bureau, this study used the nearest neighbor index, Tyson polygon and kernel density analysis to investigate the spatial distribution, and combined with the slope, elevation and other natural environmental factors to investigate their influence on the spatial distribution of old and valuable trees. The results show that there are 340 old and valuable trees in Huize county, belonging to 31 families, 40 genera and 78 species, and the third-grade old and valuable trees accounted for 80.59% of the total number of old and valuable trees; the closest proximity index R=0.37 (R<1), the coefficient of variation CV=167.90% (CV>64), so the old and valuable trees in the study area belong to the strong variability and aggregation distribution; through exploring the factors affecting the distribution of old and valuable trees and their spatial distribution, it was found that the number of old and valuable trees was highest when the slope was 5°~15° and the altitude was between 2 000 and 2 300 meters and the number of old and valuable trees in the slope direction of the Yin slope was much larger than that of the Yang slope, and its percentage was 65.59%; in general, Huize county was rich in old and valuable trees, and it had an aggregation-type distribution in space, and the relationship between slope, slope direction and elevation and the distribution of old and valuable trees was very close.