Abstract: The black-necked crane is classified as a national first-level key protected animal, and Xundian Black-necked Crane Nature Reserve is a nature reserve primarily aimed at protecting black-necked cranes and their habitats. The protection of these precious resources is one of the primary tasks for the managing authorities. Based on a comprehensive understanding of the current situation of protection and management in protected areas, this paper delved into a detailed analysis of existing problems and their causes. The results indicated that the reserve still faced five main issues, including water scarcity and drought in wetlands, significant human interference, insufficient protection and management capabilities, prominent contradictions between protection and development, and insufficient ecological public service functions. In response to these challenges, strategies were proposed, such as advancing comprehensive wetland governance, streamlining management functions, strengthening management infrastructure, intensifying publicity and education efforts, and promoting collaborative management with the surrounding areas of the reserve. The aim was to provide a reference for the protection and management of the reserve.